主要来源

Choniates, Nicetas. O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates.Trans. Harry J. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984

Comnena, Anna.The Alexiad. Trans. E. R. A. Sewter. New York: PenguinBooks, 1969.

Falcandus, Hugo.A History of the Tyrants of Sicily. Trans. G. A. Loud andT. E. J. Wiedemann. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.

Houts, Elisabeth van, ed. The Normans in Europe. Trans. Elisabeth vanHoutes. New York: Manchester University Press, 2000.

Jumièges, William of. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni: Volume 1: Introduction and Books I-Ⅳ. Trans. Elisabeth M. C. van Houts. London: Oxford MedievalTexts, 1992.

Jumièges, William of. The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni: Volume 2: Books V-Ⅷ.Trans. Elisabeth M. C. van Houts. London: Oxford Medieval Texts, 1995.

Psellus, Michael. Fourteen Byzantine Rulers. Trans. E. R. A. Sewter. NewYork: Penguin Books, 1966.

Poitiers, William of. The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers. Trans. R. H.C. Davis and Marjorie Chibnall. London: Oxford Medieval Texts, 1998.

Savage, Anne, ed. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. Trans. Anne Savage. Wayne:BHB International Inc, 1997.

Vitalis, Ordericus. The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy.Trans. #omas Forester. Charleston: BiblioBazaar, 2009

现代作品

Barbera, Henry. Medieval Sicily: The First Absolute State. Brooklyn: Legas,2000.

Barlow, Frank.Edward the Confessor. London: Yale University Press, 1997.

Benjamin, Sandra. Sicily: Tree Tousand Years of Human History.Hanover: Steerforth Press, 2006.

Brown, Gordon S.The Norman Conquest of Southern Italy and Sicily.London: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2003.

Brown, R. Allen. The Normans and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1985.

Chibnall, Marjorie. The Normans. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.

Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 7 vols. NewYork: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1993.

Gravett, Christopher and David Nicolle. The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles. New York: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 2007.

Kreutz, Barbara M. Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the Ninth & Tenth Centuries. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991.

Neveux, Fran?ois. A Brief History of The Normans: The conquests that changed the face of Europe. Trans. Howard Curtis. Philadelphia: RunningPress, 2008.

Norwich, John Julius.The Normans In Sicily: The magni"cent story of ‘the other Norman Conquest’. New York: Penguin Books, 1970.

Runciman, Steven.A History of the Crusades, Volume 1. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1951....

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